目的:探讨3~6月龄早产儿铁缺乏(iron deficiency, ID)状况及影响因素。方法:利用互联网 + 早产儿智慧随访数据库,收集2018年8月~2023年11月有铁蛋白数据的1521例3~6月龄早产儿临床资料,血清铁蛋白浓度 Objective: To explore the status and risk factors of iron deficiency (ID) in preterm infants aged 3~6 months. Methods: Using the Internet + Preterm Infant Smart Follow-up Database, clinical data were collected from 1521 preterm infants aged 3~6 months with serum ferritin data from August 2018 to November 2023. Serum ferritin concentration < 12 µg/L was diagnosed as ID. The incidence of iron deficiency in preterm infants of varying gestational ages is examined. Risk factors of ID were investigated by using univariate and logistic regression analysis. Results: The incidence of ID in preterm infants aged 3~6 months was 14.40% (219/1521), The incidence of ID in early, middle and late preterm infants was 12.37% (35/283), 19.64% (54/275) and 13.50% (130/963) respectively. The proportions of males, moderately preterm infants, and exclusive breastfeeding were higher in the ID group than in the control group (all P < 0.05). The proportions of first birth, iron supplementation, and vitamin D supplementation were lower than those in the control group (all P< 0.05). Hemoglobin levels before discharge in the neonatal period in the ID group were lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). Logistics regression analysis showed that moderately preterm infants, non-1st birth, males, lower hemoglobin value before discharge, no iron supplementation, and exclusive breastfeeding at the time of testing were risk factors for ID (OR= 1.825, 1.540, 2.098, 0.974, 1.567, and 6.605, all P < 0.05). Conclusions: Targeted iron supplementation education should be performed for male, non first birth preterm infants with exclusive breastfeeding after discharge and moderately preterm infants.
