Various hypotheses have been put forward to explain the pathogenesis of hemorrhoidal diseases. However,the etiology and mechanisms of hemorrhoids are far from clear,and as a consequence the present therapeutic objective is just to relieve or abolish the symptoms of hemorrhoids. In this review,the recent research advances on the pathophysiological characteristics that are closely associated with hemorrhoids are analyzed and discussed,which include constipation,high anal resting pressure,anal mucosa damage,aging of the anal cushion supporting tissue,blood and vessel alterations,obstruction of microcirculation and biochemical changes.
