早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)是导致儿童盲的主要原因之一,尽管激光光凝和抗VEGF药物注射等现有治疗方法取得了一定成效,但仍存在局限性。近年来,随着对ROP发病机制的深入理解,新型药物治疗策略不断涌现,为ROP的治疗带来了新的希望。文章综述了ROP药物治疗的最新进展,重点介绍了新型抗VEGF药物、生长因子抑制剂、靶向治疗药物及非VEGF靶向药物等策略的作用机制、临床研究进展及潜在优势,并探讨了未来研究方向。Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) remains one of the leading causes of childhood blindness worldwide. Although existing therapeutic approaches, including laser photocoagulation and anti-VEGF pharmacotherapy, have demonstrated clinical efficacy, they present inherent limitations. Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of ROP have facilitated the emergence of novel pharmaco-therapeutic strategies, offering promising alternatives for disease management. This comprehensive review summarizes contemporary progress in ROP pharmacotherapy, with particular emphasis on elucidating the mechanisms of action, clinical trial outcomes, and potential advantages of innovative therapeutic agents such as next-generation anti-VEGF biologics, growth factor inhibitors, targeted molecular therapies, and non-VEGF pathway antagonists. Furthermore, we critically analyze current challenges and propose future research directions to optimize therapeutic paradigms in ROP management.
