本文综述了直接氨燃料电池(DAFC)技术的最新进展,这是一种利用氨作为氢的替代能源的新型燃料电池技术。由于氨具有高能量密度、低成本、高安全性和易储运等优点,它被视为一种有前途的清洁能源载体。文章首先分析了全球能源需求的增长和环境污染问题的加剧,强调了开发可持续能源技术的重要性。随后,讨论了氢能源的优势和限制,并指出氨作为氢的替代品在解决燃料电池商业化瓶颈问题中的潜力。文中还介绍了电解水技术作为氢能源生产的关键环节,并探讨了直接氨燃料电池的工作原理及其环保和高效特性。最后,文章着重讨论了电催化反应机理、催化剂的设计策略,以及在提高电催化性能方面的挑战和机遇。This study reviews recent advances in direct ammonia fuel cell (DAFC) technology, a novel fuel cell technology that utilizes ammonia as an alternative energy source to hydrogen. Ammonia is regarded as a promising carrier of clean energy due to its advantages of high energy density, low cost, high safety and easy storage and transportation. Firstly, the paper analyzes the growth of global energy demand and the aggravation of environmental pollution, and emphasizes the importance of developing sustainable energy technology. Subsequently, the advantages and limitations of hydrogen energy are discussed, and the potential of ammonia as an alternative to hydrogen is pointed out in solving the bottleneck of fuel cell commercialization. The paper also introduces the water electrolysis technology as the key link of hydrogen energy production, and discusses the working principle, environmental protection and high efficiency characteristics of direct ammonia fuel cells. Finally, the paper focuses on the mechanism of electrocatalytic reaction, the design strategy of catalysts, and the challenges and opportunities in improving the performance of electrocatalysis.
