美洲地区是全球玉米起源和遗传多样性中心,优良种质渗入是拓宽我国玉米种质基础的有效途径。通过整理和分析不同学者关于美国、国际玉米小麦改良中心(International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center,CIMMYT)和巴西玉米种质的配合力及杂种优势研究结果,鉴定出在我国可能有应用潜力的24个优良玉米群体,包括8个美国群体,8个CIMMYT群体和8个巴西玉米群体。建议在适应性改良的基础上,以我国本土化的A群和B群为核心,将群体BSSS(R)C10、BS10(FR)C14、BS13(S)C9、BSK(HI)C8 Syn 3、BR106、Pop44(C8)、Pop45(C3)与A群种质,群体BS11(FR)C14、BS16(S)C3 Syn 2、BS29(R)C3、BSCB1(R)C14、BR105、Pop42(C4)与B群种质构建复合群体,开展改良,拓宽我国玉米种质类群的遗传基础。
A genetic linkage map with 89 SSR marker loci was constructed based on a maize (Zea mays L.) population consisting of 184 F-2 individuals from the cross, Huangzao 4 X Ye 107. The 184 F-3 families were evaluated in the field under well-watered and drought-stressed regimes in Shanxi Province of China. The objectives of the study were to identify genetic segments responsible for the expression of anthesis-silking interval (ASI), ear setting and grain yield, and to examine if the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for ASI or yield components can be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) to improve grain yield under drought conditions. Results showed that under well-watered and drought-stressed regimes, three and two QTLs involved in the expression of ASI were detected on chromosomes 1, 2 and 3, and 2 and 5, respectively. Under well-watered regime, two QTLs for ear setting were detected on chromosomes 3 and 6, explaining about 19.9% of the phenotypic variance, and displayed additive and partial dominant effects, respectively. Under drought-stressed condition, four QTLs for ear setting were detected on chromosomes 3, 7 and 10, which were responsible for interpreting 60.4% of the phenotypic variance, and showed dominant or partial dominant effects. Under well-watered condition, four QTLs controlling grain yield were identified on chromosomes 3, 6 and 7, while five QTLs were identified under drought stress on chromosomes 1, 2, 4 and 8. The gene action was of additive or partial dominant effects, and each QTL could explain 7.3% to 22.0% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. Under drought conditions, ASI and ear setting percentage were highly correlated with grain yield, which can be used as secondary traits for grain yield selection. Based on linked markers detected and gene action analyzed, an MAS strategy for yield improvement under drought condition could be established, which consists of QTLs contributing to decreased ASI and to increased ear setting and grain yield, respectively.
