A method about Considering Heteroskedastic panel data in economical Analyses are given.The suppose test of model and consistent estimator of coefficient are given.The parameter estimation are resolved when μ i∶(0,w 2 i),v it ∶i.i.d(0,σ 2 i) in model (1).At last,We give an empirical analysis for Heteroskedastic problems.
By combining non-parameter Z test method for unit root test of time-series with IPS test method for panel data unit root test, we propose a new non-parameter unit root test method for panel data.This method solves the unit root test’s problem that {ε_ it } is L-order auto-correlaiton.Using random simulation method,we compare LL test with non-parameter unit root test for panel data.We found that the non-parameter unit root test is superior to LL test in this case.
