In order to obtain a clear image of the retina of model eye, an adaptive optics system used to correct the wave-front error is introduced in this paper. The spatial light modulator that we use here is a liquid crystal on a silicon device instead of a conversional deformable mirror. A paper with carbon granule is used to simulate the retina of human eye. The pupil size of the model eye is adjustable （3-7mm）. A Shack-Hartman wave-front sensor is used to detect the wave-front aberration. With this construction, a value of peak-to-valley is achieved to be 0.086 A, where A is wavelength. The modulation transfer functions before and after corrections are compared. And the resolution of this system after correction （691p/m） is very close to the diffraction limit resolution. The carbon granule on the white paper which has a size of 4.7μm is seen clearly. The size of the retina cell is between 4 and 10 μm. So this system has an ability to image the human eye＇s retina.
The liquid crystal spatial light modulator （LC SLM） is very suitable for wavefront correction and optical testing and can produce a wavefront with large phase change and high accuracy. The LC SLM is composed of thousands of pixels and the pixel size and shape have effects on the diffractive characteristics of the LC SLM. This paper investigates the pixel effect on the phase of the wavefront with the scalar diffractive theory. The results show that the maximum optical path difference modulation is 41μm to produce the paraboloid wavefront with the peak to valley accuracy better than λ/10. Effects of the mismatch between the pixel and the period, and black matrix on the diffraction efficiency of the LC SLM are also analysed with the Fresnel phase lens model. The ability of the LC SLM is discussed for optical testing and wavefront correction based on the calculated results. It shows that the LC SLM can be used as a wavefront corrector and a compensator.
Fully atomistic molecular dynamics （MD） simulations at 293, 303 and 313 K have been performed for the four- component liquid crystal mixture, E7, using the software package Material Studio. Order parameters and orientational time correlation functions （TCFs） were calculated from MD trajectories. The rotational viscosity coefficients （RVCs） of the mixture were calculated using the Nemtsov-Zakharov and Fialkowski methods based on statistical-mechanical approaches. Temperature dependences of RVC and density were discussed in detail. Reasonable agreement between the simulated and experimental values was found.
This paper investigates the average dielectric permittivity （^-ε） in the Maier-Meier theory for calculating the dielectric anisotropy （△ε） of nematic liquid crystals.For the reason that ^-ε of nematics has the same expression as the dielectric permittivity of the isotropic state,the Onsager equation for isotropic dielectric was used to calculate it.The computed ^-ε shows reasonable agreement with the results of the numerical methods used in the literature.Molecular parameters,such as the polarizability and its anisotropy,the dipole moment and its angle with the molecular long axis,were taken from semi-empirical quantum chemistry （MOCPAC/AM1） modeling.The calculated values of △ε according to the Maier-Meier equation are in good agreement with the experimental results for the investigated compounds having different core structures and polar substituents.
