为了研究不同健康程度和抗生素氟苯尼考干预下斑石鲷肠道菌群结构的差异及其与养殖环境中菌群结构的相关性,采用Illumina Hi Seq PE250高通量测序的方法对健康、亚健康、典型黑身病和口服氟苯尼考条件下的斑石鲷肠道、养殖水体和颗粒饵料中的细菌多样性及群落结构进行了分析比较。结果显示,养殖水体中细菌多样性高于肠道和颗粒饵料。不同健康程度及氟苯尼考干预下斑石鲷肠道中细菌均以变形菌门、厚壁菌门和软壁菌门为主,且对应的操作分类单元(OTU)占样品全部OTU的比例均达到85%以上。黑身病的发生可影响斑石鲷肠道中丰度最高的前20种优势细菌种类的排名次序,其中变形菌门中的弧菌属的相对丰度显著增加,且随着弧菌属丰度的增加,斑石鲷的黑身病症状也逐渐加重。饵料中添加氟苯尼考投喂斑石鲷能使患病鱼肠道弧菌属的丰度从60.33%下降到1.29%,较大程度改变了肠道的菌群结构,并证实氟苯尼考有效防治黑身病。其次,养殖水体和颗粒饵料对斑石鲷肠道菌群也有一定影响,且养殖水体的影响高于颗粒饵料。本研究首次报道了斑石鲷肠道菌群结构,其研究结果为今后斑石鲷的健康养殖、疾病防控及其微生态学研究提供了参考依据和技术支撑。
以酿酒酵母为发酵菌种,开展了刺参饲料发酵条件优化的研究。测定不同含水量、温度和发酵时间条件下发酵饲料的感官性状评价和理化指标。结果表明,以10%(V/W)的接种量接入酿酒酵母种子液、发酵温度25℃、含水量70%发酵时间为3d的实验组效果最好:发酵饲料的干物质回收率(Dry matter recovery,DMR)、粗蛋白含量(Crude protein,CP)、氨基酸态氮占总氮的含量(Percentage of amino acid nitrogen to total nitrogen,AA-N/tN)分别达到最高值,氨态氮占总氮的含量(Percentage of ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen,NH3-N/tN)相对较低;饲料的气味、颜色和黏度等综合感观性状达到最佳。研究表明,酿酒酵母可以作为发酵刺参饲料的备选菌种,其最适发酵条件:环境温度25℃、基础饲料含水量70%、发酵时间3d。研究结果将为新型海参饲料的制备和应用提供途径。
白介素10(Interleukin-10,IL-10)是一个重要的多效细胞因子,主要作用是介导炎症反应和调控一些免疫细胞的分化和增殖。利用同源克隆和RACE-PCR技术获得全长为1 104 bp的斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)IL-10基因。该基因ORF为564 bp,编码187个氨基酸,预测蛋白分子量为21.7 k D,等电点为5.74。氨基酸同源性比对及进化分析结果显示,斜带石斑鱼IL-10氨基酸序列和吉富罗非鱼(O.niloticus)同源性最高,达72.25%。利用双酶切及质粒重组技术构建IL-10原核表达载体,并转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导原核表达。SDS-PAGE分析显示,融合蛋白分子量为37.5 k D,与预期相符;在IPTG为0.02mmol/L,37℃诱导3 h,蛋白包涵体的表达量最大。
The effects of different microbes on fermenting feed for sea cucumber （Apostichopus japonicus） were compared to select the optimal fermentation strain in this study. Saccharomgces cerevisae, Candida utilis, Bacillus subtilis and Geotrichum candidum were independently added into the experimental compound feed, while only saline was mixed with the control feed. The fermentation treatments were inoculated with 10% seed solution under the condition of 25 ~C and 70% water content, which lasted for 5 days to elucidate the optimal microbe strain for fermenting effect. Physicochemical indexes and sensorial characteristics were measured per day during the fermentation. The indexes included dry matter recovery （DMR）, crude protein （CP）, the percentage of amino acid nitrogen to total nitrogen （AA-N/tN）, the percentage of ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen （NH3-N/tN）, and the ratio of fermentation strains and vibrios to the total microbes, color, smell and viscosity. The results showed that DMR, CP and AA-N/tN of the S. cerevisae group reached the highest level on day 3, but the ratio of fermentation strain was second to C. utilis group. In addition, its NH3-N/tN and the ratio of vibrios were maintained at low levels, and the sensory evaluation score including smell, color and viscosity was the highest in S. cerevisae group on day 3. Therefore, S. cerevisae could be the optimal strain for the feed fermentation for sea cucumber. This research developed a new production method of fermentation feed for sea cucumber.
根据哈维氏弧菌(Vibro harveyi)溶血素基因vhhP2的保守序列设计特异性引物,建立了SYBR Green I实时定量PCR检测哈维氏弧菌的方法。构建含vhhP2基因的重组质粒作为标准品,进行SYBR Green I实时定量PCR,在Tm为60℃时,扩增产物的熔解曲线仅有一个特异峰,扩增所得标准曲线为y=–3.331x+37.48,相关系数为0.998,扩增效率为1,最低可检测到7个拷贝。实验结果表明该检测技术具有较高的特异性、敏感性和重复性,对哈维氏弧菌病的快速诊断和流行病学调查有重要意义。
