血管超声医学是集临床知识、操作技巧及图像识别于一体的诊断技术,具有非常强的专业性和技术依赖性;血管超声专业研究生的培养过程中面临着一定的困难和挑战。针对血管超声专业研究生培养中面临的抽象专业知识多、娴熟动手的能力训练、宽泛的临床思维及一定的创新能力培养等问题,提出注重基础教学、加强规范化操作培训、运用多媒体联合PACS(picture archiving and communication system)的教学方式使学生建立全面的思维方式等对策,其目的是为了加强研究生综合素质的培养,提高教学质量,使其更好地掌握血管超声医学基本理论和实践技能,胜任血管超声医师的工作。
Background Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis （CVST） is a special form of stroke with multiple causes and risk factors. However, there are still a portion of cases with unknown reasons. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between internal jugular vein （IJV） abnormalities and the development of CVST. Methods A total of 51 CVST patients and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. The diameter, the maximum velocity （Vmax） and the reflux time in bilateral IJVs were measured by color Doppler flow imaging （CDFI）. The paired t test was used to compare the numeric values between the bilateral IJVs. The Pearson chi-square test was used to evaluate the relationship between IJV abnormality and CVST, IJV abnormality and IJV reflux, respectively. Results Among the 51 CVST patients, 20 （39%） patients were with normal IJV and 31 （61%） patients were with abnormal IJV. The types of IJV abnormality included annulus stenosis 19 cases （61%）, hypoplasia 9 cases （29%）, thrombosis 2 cases （7%） and anomalous valve 1 case （3%）. In patients with unilateral IJV abnormality, the minimum diameter of the IJV on the lesion side was significantly smaller than that of the contralateral side （P 〈0.0001）. When compared with contralateral side, the Vmax of the lesion side with unilateral annulus stenosis was significant higher, however, it was obvious lower in patients with unilateral hypoplasia （P 〈0.05）. Furthermore, among 27 cases with unilateral IJV abnormality, all the CYST occurred on the same side as the IJV lesions.
