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国家自然科学基金(41171365)

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室内燃烧源排放颗粒物及多环芳烃的粒径分布研究被引量:4
2019年
室内燃烧源排放颗粒物及其多环芳烃(PAHs)的粒径分布是定量评估室内人群呼吸暴露风险的重要参数之一。该研究在再悬浮箱内模拟燃香、燃蚊香、艾灸和吸烟等过程,采用MOUDI采样器采集和分析颗粒物中17种PAHs;同时,采用颗粒物计数器,在实际房间中模拟艾灸和吸烟过程,得到室内颗粒物数浓度的衰减曲线。结果表明,燃烧源烟雾颗粒的排放因子为3.68~22.46mg/g,颗粒质量粒径呈单峰型,峰值为0.25~0.44μm;USEPA16种优控PAHs的排放因子为10.52~91.30μg/g,艾绒燃烧排放PAHs的粒径峰值为0.44~1.0μm,略大于其它燃烧源;<1μm颗粒中PAHs的BaP等效毒性当量(BaPTEQ)的贡献占比为85%~98%。来源特征比值的研究显示,艾灸、燃香和吸烟释放的PAHs均归属于生物质燃烧类别。实际室内监测显示,在艾绒和香烟燃烧后室内颗粒物数浓度快速上升,在燃尽时达到峰值,而后在4h内呈指数规律衰减,且<0.3μm的细颗粒衰减最快。
张剑辉张宁林昭吴水平
关键词:室内污染燃烧模拟颗粒物粒径分布
不同生物质燃烧排放多环芳烃及糖醇类化合物的模拟研究被引量:6
2015年
选择水稻、小麦、玉米及棉花秸秆与马尾松枝,采集模拟燃烧时排放的PM2.5,分析PM2.5中多环芳烃(PAHs)和糖醇类化合物的含量,获得PM2.5及负载的两类化合物的排放因子;采用500 W汞灯直接照射收集了PM2.5的尘膜,获得了中、高环PAHs及左旋葡聚糖的光解动力学.结果表明,PM2.5的排放因子介于(2.26±0.60)g·kg-1(马尾松枝)^(14.33±5.26)g·kg-1(玉米秸秆)之间;19种PAHs的排放因子介于(0.82±0.21)mg·kg-1(马尾松枝)^(11.14±5.69)mg·kg-1(棉花秸秆)之间,且以4环类PAHs所占比例最高,介于51%~71%之间(其中马尾松枝燃烧时惹烯的排放因子最大);9种糖醇类化合物的排放因子范围为(52.34±50.16)mg·kg-1(水稻秸秆)^(238.81±33.62)mg·kg-1(小麦秸秆),且都以左旋葡聚糖占绝对优势(72%~96%).光照模拟显示,目标化合物的光照损失都遵循拟一级动力学,其中≥4环的PAHs的光解速率常数随着尘膜中PAHs的负载量增大而减小,来源特征比值Flua/(Flua+Py)和Ip/(Ip+Bg P)相对稳定,而左旋葡聚糖的光解速率常数为0.004 5 min-1,与苯并[a]蒽的光解速率常数(0.004 1~0.005 0 min-1)接近.
黄帅黄欣怡吴水平胡清华陈晓秋
关键词:PM2.5生物质燃烧多环芳烃光解
Diurnal variation of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM_(10) at a roadside site in Xiamen,China被引量:5
2012年
Intensive daytime and nighttime sampling was carried out from 23 Oct to 31 Dec 2008 to investigate the occurrence of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) in PM1o at a roadside site in Xiamen, China. At the same time, six PMt0 samples were collected from a nearby roadway tunnel for comparison. Six NPAHs, namely 9-nitroanthracene, 2- and 3-nitrofluoranthene, 1- nitropyrene, 7-nitrobenz[a]anthracene, and 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene, were identified and quantified using GC/MS in negative ion chemical ionization mode. The average total concentration of six NPAHs (~NPAHs) in the cold season (26 Nov-31 Dec) was 2.3 (daytime) and 9.9 (nighttime) times higher than those in the warm season. Significant statistical difference (p 〈 0.01, 2-tailed) of ∑NPAHs between daytime and nighttime was found during both the warm and cold seasons. NPAHs were significantly positively correlated with their parent PAHs and nitrogen dioxide but negatively correlated with ambient temperature. The ratio of 2 + 3-nitrofluoranthene to 1- nitropyrene exhibited a similar diurnal pattern as ZNPAHs and was generally greater than 5, indicating the importance of secondary atmospheric formation. The diurnal variations of NPAHs were all influenced by the diurnal variations of PAHs, nitrogen dioxide, sunlight, and temperature. The daily inhalable exposure to the six NPAHs in the tunnel was much higher than the roadside values in the warm season but only slightly higher than those in the cold season.
Shuiping WuBingyu YangXinhong WangHuasheng HongChungshin Yuan
关键词:SOURCE
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