在Hoagland培养基中加入CuSO4模拟Cu2+污染环境,比较了不同Cu2+浓度([Cu2+])对鸭跖草(Commelina communis L.)耐性生态型和敏感生态型的耐性、Cu积累和抗氧化酶[过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)]的影响.结果表明,两种生态型鸭跖草的Cu2+中毒临界浓度和中毒症状有明显的差异,[Cu2+]≥40祄ol/L时,耐性生态型鸭跖草的耐性明显高于敏感生态型.耐性生态型鸭跖草叶和根中的Cu2+含量都明显高于敏感生态型,根中更为明显.不同生态型甚至同一生态型不同器官的POD、CAT、SOD活性对Cu2+的敏感性不同.一般来说,根对Cu2+的敏感性高于叶;POD活性对Cu2+的敏感性高于CAT和SOD.根比叶在清除丙二醛(MDA)的过程中起更重要作用.耐性生态型鸭跖草叶和根中CAT、POD和SOD活性、叶中MDA的变化并没有与根中MDA含量的变化趋势(大幅增加)保持一致,表明除了抗氧化酶外,可能还存在其他机制影响耐性生态型与敏感生态型鸭跖草在Cu2+耐性上的差异.
Soil properties, microbial communities and enzyme activities were studied in soil amended with replicase （RP）-transgenic or non-transgenic papaya under field conditions. Compared with non-transgenic papaya, significant differences （P〈0.05） were observed in total nitrogen in soils grown with transgenic papaya. There were also significant differences （P〈0.05） in the total number of colony forming units （CFUs） of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi between soils amended with RP-transgenic plants and non-transgenic plants. Compared with non-transgenic papaya, the total CFUs of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in soil with transgenic papaya increased by 0.43-1.1, 0.21-0.80 and 0.46-0.73 times respectively. Significantly higher （P〈0.05） CFUs of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi resistant to kanamycin （Km） were obtained in soils with RP-transgenic papaya than those with non-transgenic papaya in all concentrations of Km. Higher resistance quotients for Km＇ （kanamycin resistant） bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi were found in soil planted with RP-transgenic papaya, and the resistance quotients for Km＇ bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in soils with transgenic papaya increased 1.6-4.46, 0.63-2.5 and 0.75-2.30 times. RP-transgenic papaya and non-transgenic papaya produced significantly different enzyme activities in arylsulfatase （5.4-5.9x）, polyphenol oxidase （0.7-1.4x）, invertase （0.5-0.79x）, cellulase （0.23-0.35x） and phosphodiesterase （0.16-0.2x）. The former three soil enzymes appeared to be more sensitive to the transgenic papaya than the others, and could be useful parameters in assessing the effects of transgenic papaya. Transgenic papaya could alter soil chemical properties, enzyme activities and microbial communities.
