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国家自然科学基金(30070454)

作品数:15 被引量:374H指数:10
相关作者:王忠顾蕴洁陈刚熊飞李运祥更多>>
相关机构:扬州大学苏州农业职业技术学院中国热带农业科学院更多>>
发文基金:国家自然科学基金江苏省自然科学基金更多>>
相关领域:农业科学生物学轻工技术与工程更多>>

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15 条 记 录,以下是 1-10
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Negative phototropism of rice root and its influencing factors被引量:27
2002年
Some characteristics of the rice (Oryza sativa L.) root were found in the experiment of unilaterally irradiating the roots which were planted in water: (i) All the seminal roots, adventitious roots and their branched roots bent away from light, and their curvatures ranged from 25° to 60°. The curvature of adventitious root of the higher node was often larger than that of the lower node, and even larger than that of the seminal root. (ii) The negative phototropic bending of the rice root was mainly due to the larger growth increment of root-tip cells of the irradiated side compared with that of the shaded side. (iii) Root cap was the site of light perception. If root cap was shaded while the root was irradiated the root showed no negative phototropism, and the root lost the characteristic of negative phototropism when root cap was divested. Rice root could resume the characteristic of negative phototropism when the new root cap grew up, if the original cells of root cap were well protected while root cap was divested, (iv) The growth increment and curvature of rice root were both influenced by light intensity. Within the range of 0-100 μmol·m-2·s-1, the increasing of light intensity resulted in the decreasing of the growth increment and the increasing of the curvature of rice root. (v) The growth increment and the curvature reached the maximum at 30℃ with the temperature treatment of 10-40℃. (vi) Blue-violet light could prominently induce the negative phototropism of rice root, while red light had no such effect. (vii) The auxin (IAA) in the solution, as a very prominent influencing factor, inhibited the growth, the negative phototropism and the gravi-tropism of rice root when the concentration of IAA increased. The response of negative phototropism of rice root disappeared when the concentration of IAA was above 10 mg·L-1.
王忠
关键词:NEGATIVE
不同施氮时期对水稻剑叶光合特性及稻米品质的影响被引量:22
2008年
通过盆栽试验研究了相同施氮总量下不同施氮时期对扬稻6号和扬粳9538剑叶光合特性及稻米品质的影响。结果表明:孕穗肥能提高稻米精米率、整精米率、蛋白质含量,降低垩白粒率、垩白度和直链淀粉含量;后期施氮能显著提高剑叶的叶绿素含量即SPAD值,使叶片保持浓绿状态的时间延长;后期适当施氮肥能显著提高剑叶净光合速率,延缓剑叶的衰老,延长光合时间,提高品质;在颖果发育过程中,后期施氮能降低颖果中可溶性糖、直链淀粉和总淀粉的积累量,显著提高蛋白质积累量,但对支链淀粉积累量影响较小。
张军谢兆伟朱敏敏孔妤熊飞
关键词:水稻施氮光合特性稻米品质
介绍拍摄几种植物器官运动的方法
<正>在植物学和植物生理学研究中,常常需要把植物器官、组织和细胞运动的过程连续拍摄下来。一组完整的动态照片比单张静态照片蕴含的信息多,可省去许多文字描述,使人们对植物器官、组织和细胞的运动过程一目了然。近年来,我们摸索了...
王忠顾蕴洁成勤勤钱善勤李运祥
Effects of Nitrogen Application Time on Caryopsis Development and Grain Quality of Rice Variety Yangdao 6被引量:11
2008年
A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different nitrogen application time (during the tillering or the booting stages) with the same nitrogen rates on the caryopsis development and grain quality of rice variety Yangdao 6. The increased nitrogen fertilizer (urea), especially applied during the booting stage, could evidently increase the milled rice rate, head rice rate and protein content in rice grains compared with the control (no nitrogen application), and decrease chalky grain rate and amylose content. Moreover, the increased nitrogen fertilizer significantly affected the caryopsis development and enhanced the grain weight when nitrogen applied during the tillering and the booting stages, especially during the booting stage. During caryopsis development the increased nitrogen fertilizer applied during the tillering and booting stages could obviously decrease the total starch and amylose contents, but not obviously for the amylopectin content in rice grain. Increased topdressing of nitrogen fertilizer, especially applied during the booting stage, had significant effect on the development and structures of amyloplasts and proteinoplasts. That is, it could change the distribution, number and shape of amyloplasts and proteinoplasts in the endosperm cells especially in grain abdomen, Compared with the control the arrangements of amyloplasts and proteinoplasts were closer, with more numbers, higher density and less interspaces each ohter. Furthermore, most amyloplasts showed polyhedron under the increased nitrogen fertilizer level.
XIONG Fei WANG Zhong Gu Yun-jie CHEN Gang ZHOU Peng
关键词:AMYLOSEAMYLOPLASTSTARCH
光照对水培风信子根系生长的影响被引量:36
2005年
在定向光条件下,研究水培风信子根系的生长情况。结果表明:水培风信子根的生长表现出明显的负向光性, 其感受光的部位是根冠;光强越强,根长越短,根数越少,根越粗,负向光性越明显;不同光质对根长、根数、根粗无明显影响,但蓝光对负向光性诱导最明显,红光则无效;高浓度生长素(IAA)的培养液在抑制根长的同时增加了负向光性弯曲角度。
韩鹰朱旭东耿晓东王忠
关键词:水培风信子光照负向光性
水培球根花卉根的负向光性与根系造型被引量:7
2006年
在已有水培风信子根系负向光性生长研究的基础上,与在光照条件下生长的郁金香、水仙根系进行比较的结果表明:3种球根的根系均表现负向光性生长,水仙根系对光照反应最敏感,3d可以表现明显负向光性;光强越大,根系的负向性反应越明显;蓝光对球根的负向光性诱导最明显,红光则无效;在同样的光强和光质条件下,水仙表现负向光性的倾角最大,风信子次之,郁金香最小。
韩鹰高玥王忠
关键词:风信子水仙郁金香负向光性
施氮时期对扬稻6号颖果发育及稻米品质的影响被引量:29
2007年
通过盆栽试验研究了相同施氮量下不同施氮时期(分蘖期和孕穗期)对扬稻6号颖果发育及稻米品质的影响。与对照相比,增施氮肥(尿素)特别是孕穗肥能显著提高稻米精米率、整精米率、蛋白质含量,降低垩白粒率和直链淀粉含量;在分蘖期和孕穗期施氮肥能明显影响颖果发育,提高粒重,而后者的效果更为明显;在颖果发育过程中不同时期增施氮肥能显著降低颖果的总淀粉和直链淀粉含量,但对支链淀粉含量影响较小;不同时期增施氮肥特别是孕穗肥对淀粉体和蛋白质体的发育及结构均有显著影响,能显著改变籽粒中不同部位特别是腹部淀粉体和蛋白质的分布、数目和形状。与对照相比,淀粉体和蛋白质体的排列更紧密、相互间空隙较少、数量增加、密度增大,淀粉体形状多数呈晶状体。
熊飞王忠顾蕴洁陈刚周鹏
关键词:颖果发育稻米品质淀粉体施肥时期
稻米的品质和影响因素被引量:155
2003年
稻米品质应从碾米、外观、蒸煮、食味、营养等方面来衡量 ,有时还要考虑安全、贮藏、加工和卫生等性质。淀粉和蛋白质的种类与数量决定了稻米的品质。一般来说 ,直链淀粉含量在 2 0 %以上的稻米品种食味差 ;直链淀粉含量在 15 % - 2 0 %以下的食味较好 ;蛋白含量超过 9%的品种其食味往往较差。稻米中垩白出现部位与灌浆物质的输入途径有关。离背部维管束远的腹部胚乳细胞易充实不良形成垩白。稻米品质形成是品种遗传特性和环境条件综合作用的结果。环境条件对稻米品质的影响是通过影响稻株和颖果的生理过程而发挥作用的。过多施用氮素 ,特别是灌浆期间氮素过多 ,会使米中的蛋白质含量显著提高 ,垩白率降低 ,然而食味变差。饭的食味还与煮饭方法、煮饭后食用时间有关。通常将米用水先浸 1- 2小时后煮 ,饭在煮好后的半小时时食用 。
王忠顾蕴洁陈刚熊飞李运祥
关键词:稻米直链淀粉蛋白质氮肥食用方法
Caryopsis Development and Main Quality Characteristics in Different indica Rice Varieties
2005年
A comparison on the caryopsis development, rice quality characteristics and the size, shape, structure of the endosperm amyloplasts (starch granules) between two indica rice varieties was made, The main quality traits in Yangdao 6 were better than those in Xiangzaoxian 33; In the early period after fertilization the dry matter in Yangdao 6 was accumulated more slowly than that in Xiangzaoxian 33 but faster in the later period, and the starch was accumulated strongly in the later period; There were two kinds of amyloplasts: single and compound amyloplasts, being 4.4 um and 9.5 um in diameter on average with the range of 2.4-8.0 um and 5.7-19.5 um, respectively. In the case of Xiangzaoxian 33, most of the single amyloplasts were elliptic or round with loose arrangement and great difference in size, and the coefficient of variation was high. While in the Yangdao 6, most of the amyloplasts were single, well developed, polyhedral, crystalline and compactly arranged, and the coefficient of variation was low. The amyloplasts in the dorsal region of endosperm were developed better than those in the ventral and central regions. The chalkiness in the endosperm resulted from badly-developed and loose-arranged starch granules, which was closely relevant to the transport of filling materials.
XIONG Fei WANG Zhong CHENG Gang WANG Jue
关键词:CARYOPSISAMYLOPLASTSCHALKINESS
施氮对水稻植株和颖果发育及稻米品质的影响被引量:30
2008年
以扬稻6号和粳稻941为材料,在施氮总量相同条件下分别设置低分蘖肥高孕穗肥和高分蘖肥低孕穗肥2个施氮处理,通过盆栽试验研究施氮量和施氮时期对水稻植株生长、颖果发育和稻米品质的影响.结果表明:水稻植株鲜重、干重、分蘖数和株高随分蘖期氮肥用量增加而增加;增加孕穗期氮肥用量比例能显著提高抽穗期水稻剑叶和颖果光合速率、颖壳叶绿素含量、呼吸速率、颖果CAT及SOD活性;增加孕穗期氮肥用量还能提高水稻籽粒出糙率、精米率、整精米率,降低稻米垩白率,改善稻米的碾米品质和营养品质.因此,增加分蘖期施氮比例能促进水稻植株生长,而提高孕穗期施氮量则有利于水稻颖果发育和稻米品质改善.
梁国斌莫亿伟柳敏王忠
关键词:水稻施氮处理颖果发育光合速率稻米品质
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