Transmission of Yesinia pestis relies primarily on the bite of flea vectors,which is closely related to the biofilm formation of this pathogen[1].Y.pestis synthesizes heavily the attached biofilms,a population of bacterial colonies embedded in self-produced exopolysaccharide matrix,in the flea proventriculus[1].The biofilm formation leads to the blockage of fleas,making the fleas feel hungry and repeatedly attempt to feed,and thus the plague
