Leopoldamys edwardsi is a species with wide distribution ranges in southern China but is not discussed in studies on geographic variation and species differentiation.We used 2 mitochondrial(Cytb,CO1)and 3 nuclear(GHR,IRBP and RAG1)genes to clarify species phylogeography and geographical differentiation.Maximum likelihood(ML)and Bayesian phylogenetic inference(BI)trees consistently indicated that L.edwardsi is a species complex containing 3 main lineages with high Kimura-2-parameter(K2P)divergences(i.e.lineages LN,LS and LHN)found in the northern and southern China and Hainan Island,respectively.The 3 species delimitation methods,automated barcoding gap discovery,Bayesian poisson tree process analysis and Bayesian phylogenetics and phylogeography,consistently supported the existence of cryptic species.Divergence times among the main lineages were inferred to be during the Pleistocene,with LHN/LS split at 1.33 Ma and LN/(LHN+LS)at 2.61 Ma;the diversifications of L.edwardsi complex might be caused by the rapid uplifts of Tibetan Plateau,paleoclimate change and complex topography.The divergence between LHN and LS was probably related to the separation of Hainan Island from the mainland via the formation of the Qiongzhou Strait.Lineages LN and(LS+LHN)likely diverged due to the Wuyi-Nanling mountain range forming a dispersal barrier.Our results suggested that L.edwardsi complex contains at least 3 distinct species:LHN represents L.hainanensis,endemic to Hainan Island and previously considered as a subspecies L.e.hainanensis;LS represents a cryptic species distributed throughout the southern Chinese continent;and LN represents the nominotypical species L.edwardsi.
Haotian LILingming KONGKaiyun WANGShuping ZHANGMasaharu MOTOKAWAYi WUWenquan WANGYuchun LI
于2013年分别在广西北流大容山和江西井冈山用蝙蝠竖琴网分别采集到1只和9只蝙蝠标本,主要特征为：体型中型,鼻部前端呈短管状,背部毛基黄褐色,毛尖褐栗色,头骨和牙齿均粗壮。在室内使用Pettersson D500X超声波接收仪录制其静止和飞行状态下的回声定位信号,其超声波为FM型,飞行状态下主频率51.3~59.0 k Hz。根据形态特征鉴定该蝙蝠为毛翼管鼻蝠Harpiocephalus harpia,是广西和江西两省翼手目分布新纪录。对该种蝙蝠雌雄标本进行对比发现,6项外部形态和头骨指标上的差异有统计学意义,支持该种具有性二型现象。标本现保存于广州大学。
2004年7月30日在海南省陵水黎族自治县本号镇吊罗山打鹿村(E109°57',N18°37'12",海拔40m)约20m高的椰子树(Cocos nucifera)上发现一群蝙蝠栖息。捕获后观察发现,其主要特征为:个体中等大小,无鼻叶;耳廓短宽、较厚,约呈三角形,耳屏镰刀状;耳廓外缘基部有-~瘤状凸起;背部毛色为浅棕黄色,毛尖颜色约深,腹部毛色稍浅(图1)。将其外形特征与相关图鉴(刘少英等2019)对比,确认为小黄蝠(Scotophilus kuhli)。在采集的标本中发现1只体色全白雌性个体,经与相同地点采集的其他正常小黄蝠外形和测量数据进行比较,除体色外,其体型大小、耳廓和耳屏、前后肢和翼型等特征,均与正常小黄蝠个体基本一致。具体数据比较如下(括号内为正常个体数据,n=3):体重20.5g(20.8~22.2g),头体长72.9mm(70.8~71.9mm),尾长48.1mm(49.2~57.9mm),耳长12.7mm(12.6~14.1mm),后足长11.1mm(11.4~12.1mm),前臂长50.3mm(49.8~52.3mm)。因此,此体色全白蝙蝠标本可以确认为小黄蝠白化型个体。按照国际上对白化个体的区分标准(Lucati et al.2016),其皮毛和翼膜白化,但眼球仍存在黑色素,属于皮毛白化小黄蝠案例。
