肺癌(carcinoma of the lungs)目前是全人类健康的严重威胁之一,放射疗法是肿瘤治疗中的一项重要手段,其通过高能射线致使癌细胞DNA断裂,从而促进癌细胞死亡。但是肿瘤细胞的放射抵抗性一直是制约放射治疗效果的关键因素。近年来,随着分子生物学的快速发展,外泌体及其携带的非编码RNAs(non-coding RNAs,ncRNAs)在肿瘤生物学行为中的调控作用逐渐受到重视,成为新的研究热点。与此同时外泌体及其携带的ncRNAs对肺癌放射治疗中的潜在作用的研究越来越多,本文旨在综述外泌体ncRNAs在肺癌放射治疗中的研究进展,从多个角度为外泌体ncRNAs在癌症放射治疗中的调控作用提供参考。
Acute ischemic stroke is a clinical emergency and a condition with high morbidity,mortality,and disability.Accurate predictive,diagnostic,and prognostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for acute ischemic stroke remain undetermined.With innovations in high-throughput gene sequencing analysis,many aberrantly expressed non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)in the brain and peripheral blood after acute ischemic stroke have been found in clinical samples and experimental models.Differentially expressed ncRNAs in the post-stroke brain were demonstrated to play vital roles in pathological processes,leading to neuroprotection or deterioration,thus ncRNAs can serve as therapeutic targets in acute ischemic stroke.Moreover,distinctly expressed ncRNAs in the peripheral blood can be used as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.In particular,ncRNAs in peripheral immune cells were recently shown to be involved in the peripheral and brain immune response after acute ischemic stroke.In this review,we consolidate the latest progress of research into the roles of ncRNAs(microRNAs,long ncRNAs,and circular RNAs)in the pathological processes of acute ischemic stroke–induced brain damage,as well as the potential of these ncRNAs to act as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.Findings from this review will provide novel ideas for the clinical application of ncRNAs in acute ischemic stroke.
PIWI-interacting RNAs(pi RNAs)are a class of small noncoding RNA molecules that specifically bind to piwi protein family members to exert regulatory functions in germ cells.Recent studies have found that pi RNAs,as tissue-specific molecules,both play oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles in cancer progression,including cancer cell proliferation,metastasis,chemoresistance and stemness.Additionally,the atypical manifestation of pi RNAs and PIWI proteins in various malignancies presents a promising strategy for the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the diagnosis and management of tumors.Nonetheless,the precise functions of pi RNAs in cancer progression and their underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully comprehended.This review aims to examine current research on the biogenesis and functions of pi RNA and its burgeoning importance in cancer progression,thereby offering novel perspectives on the potential utilization of pi RNAs and piwi proteins in the management and treatment of advanced cancer.
The physicochemical characteristics of RNA admit non-coding RNAs to perform a different range of biological acts through various mechanisms and are involved in regulating a diversity of fundamental processes.Notably,some reports of pathological conditions have proved abnormal expression of many non-coding RNAs guides the ailment.Vault RNAs are a class of non-coding RNAs containing stem regions or loops with well-conserved sequence patterns that play a fundamental role in the function of vault particles through RNA-ligand,RNA–RNA,or RNA-protein interactions.Taken together,vault RNAs have been proposed to be involved in a variety of functions such as cell proliferation,nucleocytoplasmic transport,intracellular detoxification processes,multidrug resistance,apoptosis,and autophagy,and serve as microRNA precursors and signaling pathways.Despite decades of investigations devoted,the biological function of the vault particle or the vault RNAs is not yet completely cleared.In this review,the current scientific assertions of the vital vault RNAs functions were discussed.
目的构建基于坏死性凋亡相关的长链非编码RNAs(necroptosis-related long non-coding RNAs,NRLs)的肝细胞癌预后模型。方法从TCGA数据库下载肝细胞癌的转录本数据和临床信息。采用LASSO-Cox模型构建预后预测模型,受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)和校准曲线评估该模型的预测价值,并进行基因集富集分析(gene set enrichment analysis,GSEA)和免疫浸润分析。qRT-PCR验证4个NRLs在肝细胞癌细胞Huh7和正常肝细胞MIHA中的差异表达。结果本研究构建了基于AL117336.2、MKLN1-AS、FOXD2-AS1、LINC01224等4个NRLs的肝细胞癌风险预后模型。基于训练集构建的风险评分是预后的独立影响因素(HR=1.275,P<0.001)。在训练集中,风险模型预测1、3、5年OS的AUC分别为0.816、0.747、0.752,在测试集中分别为0.713、0.621、0.626,且校准曲线显示模型有较好的一致性。根据中位风险评分将患者划分为高、低风险组,训练集和测试集中高风险组的总存活率均低于低风险组(均P<0.05)。此外,不同风险组中免疫细胞浸润程度和免疫检查点分子的表达差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。qRT-PCR检测结果显示,4个NRLs在肝细胞癌细胞Huh7中的表达水平均高于正常肝细胞MIHA(均P<0.05)。结论本研究成功构建了预测肝细胞癌患者预后的NRLs模型,对指导临床治疗具有潜在的价值。
